Conditions like Schizophrenia, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Major Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Alcohol Dependance can sometimes prove to be intractable and non-responsive to conventional treatment, usually drug treatment and psychotherapy. Intractability is often an outcome of poorly sustained efforts by the family, treatment non-compliance by the patient and the failure to build a therapeutic alliance between the treating team and the patient. Intractability can also be on account of diagnostic challenges, drugs counteracting one another and persistent “stress or trigger factors” not being addressed.